Composition

Composition is the term given to the way that Artists arrange the lines and shapes of their work. Composition includes:

Line Shape Texture Value

Line - There are many different varities of line. Thick lines, thin lines, curved, wavy, lines that change from one kind to another, dotted lines, etc.
Shape - A shape is made when a line is percieved to contain an interior volume or space. When two shapes meet, a line is formed by the edge created between them.
Texture - Texture is created when artists use their tools to create the illusion of different surfaces. For example, if an Artist were to draw a coffee table, they might use a combination of different marks to suggest that the table were made of wood, and that the floor under it was made of carpet.
Value - Value is the perception of shadow and light, as well as colour. Areas of different value create shapes.

Balance

Positive and Negative Space -
Artists divide the space of their image into areas of positive and negative space, areas of less and more interest. Important objects are considered positive, while the spaces around them are considered negative.

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Visual Weight - The size colour and position of objects in a work of art can create the illusion of wieght.
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Symmetrical balance - When the size, shape, position and number of shapes are evenly divided through the middle of an image, the image apears to have symmetry.

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William C McNulty, The Orange Cart, Orchard Street, New York. 1933
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Asymmetrical Balance - When an image appears to balance but is not divided evenly through the center.

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Miller Britain, Little Theatre Rehearsal, 1936.

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Repetition
Emphasis

Movement